#include <bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;

int main() {
#ifdef wxh010910
  freopen("input.txt", "r", stdin);
#endif
  int tt;
  scanf("%d", &tt);
  while (tt--) {
    int n, m;
    scanf("%d %d", &n, &m);
    if (n <= 2) {
      printf("%lld\n", (long long) m * m * m);
    } else {
      long long ans = 0;
      ans += (long long) (m - (n - 1) / 2) * (m - (n - 1) / 2);
      ans += (long long) (m - n) * (m - (n - 1) / 2);
      ans += (long long) (m - n) * (m - n);
      printf("%lld\n", ans);
    }
  }
  return 0;
}