#include <iostream>
#include <assert.h>
using namespace std;

 
int readPosIntLn(){
	int x=0;
	int cnt=0;
	int fi=-1;
	while(true){
		char g=getchar();
		if('0'<=g && g<='9'){
			x*=10;
			x+=g-'0';
			if(cnt==0){
				fi=g-'0';
			}
			cnt++;
			assert(!(cnt>10 || ( cnt==10 && fi>1) ));
		} else if(g=='\n'){
			return x;
		} else {
			assert(false);
		}
	}
}
 
long long readPosLongLn(){
	long long x=0;
	int cnt=0;
	int fi=-1;
	while(true){
		char g=getchar();
		if('0'<=g && g<='9'){
			x*=10;
			x+=g-'0';
			if(cnt==0){
				fi=g-'0';
			}
			cnt++;
			assert(!(cnt>19 || ( cnt==19 && fi>1) ));
		} else if(g=='\n'){
			return x;
		} else {
			assert(false);
		}
	}
}
 
int readPosIntSpace(){
	int x=0;
	int cnt=0;
	int fi=-1;
	while(true){
		char g=getchar();
		if('0'<=g && g<='9'){
			x*=10;
			x+=g-'0';
			if(cnt==0){
				fi=g-'0';
			}
			cnt++;
			assert(!(cnt>10 || ( cnt==10 && fi>1) ));
		} else if(g==' '){
			return x;
		} else {
			assert(false);
		}
	}
}
 
 
long long readPosLongSpace(){
	long long x=0;
	int cnt=0;
	int fi=-1;
	while(true){
		char g=getchar();
		if('0'<=g && g<='9'){
			x*=10;
			x+=g-'0';
			if(cnt==0){
				fi=g-'0';
			}
			cnt++;
			assert(!(cnt>19 || ( cnt==19 && fi>1) ));
		} else if(g==' '){
			return x;
		} else {
			assert(false);
		}
	}
}
 
 
 
int gett(long long r,long long c,long long N){
	if(r>=N/2 && c>=N/2){
		return 1;
	}
	if(r==N/2 || c==N/2){
		return 0;
	}
	if(r>N/2){
		r-=N/2+1;
	}
	if(c>N/2){
		c-=N/2+1;
	}
	return gett(r,c,N/2);
}
int main(){
	
	int T;
	T=readPosIntLn();
	assert(1<=T && T<=10000);
	//cin>>T;
	while(T--){
		long long r1,c1,r2,c2;
		//cin>>r1>>r2>>c1>>c2;
		r1=readPosLongSpace();
		r2=readPosLongSpace();
		c1=readPosLongSpace();
		c2=readPosLongLn();
		assert(1<=r1 && r1<= 1000000000000000000ll);
		assert(1<=r2 && r2<= 1000000000000000000ll);
		assert(r1<=r2);
		assert(1<=c1 && c1<= 1000000000000000000ll);
		assert(1<=c2 && c2<= 1000000000000000000ll);
		assert(c1<=c2);
		r1--;
		r2--;
		c1--;
		c2--;
		long long sol=0;
		for(int i=0;i<60;i++){
			int g=0;
			g^=gett((1ll<<62) -(1ll<<i) +1 +r2   , (1ll<<i)+c2   , (1ll<<63)-1 );
			g^=gett( (1ll<<62) -(1ll<<i)+1 +r1-1 , (1ll<<i)+c1-1 , (1ll<<63)-1 );
			g^=gett( (1ll<<62) -(1ll<<i)+1 +r2   , (1ll<<i)+c1-1 , (1ll<<63)-1 );
			g^=gett( (1ll<<62) -(1ll<<i)+1 +r1-1 , (1ll<<i)+c2   , (1ll<<63)-1 );
			sol += g * (1ll<<i);
		} 
		cout<<sol<<endl;
	}
	assert(getchar()==-1);
}