#include <bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;

void solve() {
    int n, d;
    cin>>d>>n;
    int ans = n;
    for (int i = 1; i <= d; i++) {
        ans = ans*(ans + 1) / 2;
    }
    cout<<ans<<endl;
}

int main() {
    int test;
    cin>>test;
    while (test--) {
        solve();
    }
    return 0;
}